Burner and/or injector panel apparatus, methods of installation and use of the same in a metal-melting furnace, and metal-melting furnace including the same

ABSTRACT

A burner and/or injector panel apparatus includes a flange rotatable within a cylindrical aperture in a horizontal plate and securely retainable between one or more retaining clips and the plate. Extending downward from the flange is a main body with a cylindrical chamber. A burner, burner/injector, or injector is contained within the cylindrical chamber. The main body has a helical cooling circuit extending around the cylindrical chamber and burner and/or injector. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus may be installed through a furnace wall, especially an electric arc furnace, more particularly, a balcony panel of a sump area of an electric arc furnace. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus may be tilted from horizontal or rotated around its vertical axis in order to better target a target area of a molten bath of metal with a flame, jet of oxygen, or stream of carbon particles.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

None.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a burner and/or injector panelapparatus, methods of installation and use of the same in ametal-melting furnace, and metal-melting furnace including the same.More particularly, the present invention relates to a sump burner and/orinjector panel apparatus, methods of use and installation of the same ina sump area of an electric arc furnace, and an electric arc furnaceincluding the same.

One type of metallurgical process, steelmaking, is very well developed.In general, an electric arc furnace (EAF) is used to make steel byapplication of an electric arc to melt one or more of scrap metal and/orother alternative iron bearing feed stocks and alloys that are placedwithin the furnace. One type of EAF has hemispherical lower bowl made ofmetal. The bottom and sides of the lower bowl are lined with arefractory material forming the hearth. Extending vertically from thebowl are water-cooled sidewalls. Extending between the sidewalls over amolten bath of metal (contained by hearth) is a roof. Electrodes extendthrough the roof and into the bath. EAFs of the eccentric bottom tapping(EBT) type also include a sump area which is lined with refractorymaterial. The sump area serves the function of containing the moltensteel as it is poured from the EAF through a tapping hole.

Generally speaking, scrap metal, or charges, are dumped into the EAFthrough an opening. Typically these charges further include carbonparticulate and other slag forming materials. Other known processescomprise using a ladle for hot or heated metal from a blast furnace andinserting it into the EAF furnace, such as by injection of the DRI by alance.

There are numerous phases of charge processing in an EAF furnace and/oran EAF-like furnace.

In the melting phase, the electric arc and burners melt the chargeburden into a molten pool of metal (melted metal), called an iron carbonmelt, which accumulates at the bottom or hearth of the furnace. Thermalenergy beyond that supplied by the arc may be provided by burnersradially distributed around the furnace. Slag formers such as calciumoxide or magnesium oxide are sometimes injected into the molten poolwith one or more injectors.

Most commonly, after melting the charge, an electric arc furnaceproceeds to a refining and/or decarburization phase. In this phase, themetal melt continues to be heated by the arc until slag formingmaterials combine with impurities in the iron carbon melt and rise tothe surface as slag. When the iron carbon melt reaches a criticaltemperature which allows a carbon boil, the charged carbon in the meltcombines with any oxygen present in the bath to form carbon monoxidebubbles which rise to the surface of the bath, forming foaming slag. Thefoaming slag acts as an insulator throughout the furnace.

Further heating and processing is realized by a decarburization processwherein, in typical embodiments of the prior art utilizing advanced ormore modem EAF techniques, a high velocity, usually supersonic, flow(s)of oxygen is blown into the metal bath with either lances orburner/lances to decarburize the bath by oxidation of the carboncontained in the bath, forming CO and/or CO₂ when combined with theavailable or excess carbon in the bath. The burner(s)/lance(s) act tomore uniformly melt the charge and lessen, or prevent, overheating andminimize the time required for the melt and time that the arc iscreated.

By injecting the metal bath or liquid metal with oxygen, the dissolvedcarbon content of the bath can be reduced to a selected or reducedlevel. It is commonly regarded that if an iron carbon melt is under 2%carbon, the melt becomes steel. EAF steel making processes typicallybegin with burdens having less than 1% carbon. The carbon in the steelbath is continually reduced until it reaches the content desired forproducing a specific grade of steel, such as, for example, and not byway of limitation, down to less than 0.1% for low carbon steels.

Additional chemical energy in the form of carbon or coke particles mayalso be injected by an injector. Alternatively, a single apparatus(burner/injector) may be used to provide the flame and injectparticulate carbon/coke or other slagging materials. Typically, thecarbon or coke flow is injected with the aid of a fluidizing gas flow ofcompressed air, natural gas, nitrogen, and/or the like.

Collectively, burners, lances, injectors, burner/lances, andburner/injectors may be referred to as burners and/or injectors.

One of the problems associated with EAFs is the existence of cold spots.The charged scrap or charge rapidly melts at hot spots located atregions of highest electric current density, but often remains un-meltedat cold spots located at regions of lowest electric current density).This creates harsh conditions for the portion of the furnace wall andrefractory lining located at the hot spots due to excessive exposure toheat from the arc during the latter portions of the melt down cycle.Scrap located in the cold spot regions receives heat from the arc at areduced rate during the melt down cycle, thereby creating the coldspots. To melt charge scrap in the cold spots, flames from burner and/orinjector apparatuses are directed towards the cold spots.

The cold spots are typically formed in areas further away from thefurnace arc as scrap located in these areas receives electrical energyat a reduced rate per ton of scrap. One example of a cold spot is theregion in line with a bisection of the angle between the electrodeswhere current density is relatively lower. Another example of a coldspot is the sump area which includes the tapping spout, due to itslocation away from the arc. Still another cold spot occurs at the slagdoor due to excessive heat losses to ambient air which infiltratesthrough this area. An even further common source for cold spots infurnaces occurs at the places where additional materials are injected,such as slag forming material, direct reduced iron, lime, etc., (whichis inserted through a slag door or through an opening in the furnaceside wall) due to the heat consumption of these materials as they meltdown.

Prior art solutions to these challenges have been to incorporateadditional burners and/or injectors around the furnace that target thecold spots. Electric arc furnaces equipped with burners and/or injectorslocated at cold spots have improved uniformity of scrap melting and havereduced build-ups of materials at the cold spots. Their location ischosen to avoid further overheating of hot spots that result from therapid melting of scrap located between the electrode and the furnaceshell. More specifically, the burners and/or injectors are located asfar away from hot spots as is practically possible and the burner flameoutlet opening direction is chosen so that flame penetration occurspredominantly into the scrap pile located at the cold spots and not toalready heated portions of the furnace.

The burners and/or injectors are typically radially distributed aroundthe furnace. Because the sump area is flooded with molten metal duringtapping, burners and/or injectors are not installed in the sidewalls.Rather, these sump burners and/or injectors are inserted through andmounted to a balcony panel which forms a ceiling over the sump area. Thebalcony panel is rigidly attached to the sidewalls and may bedistinguished from the EAF roof which is retractable from the sidewalls.

Burners and/or injectors are subjected to harsh conditions in EAFs,including intense radiative heat, convective heat transfer from hotfurnace gases, slagging caused by splashing slag, and blowback ofinjected oxygen. In order to prolong the useful life of such burnersand/or injectors, they are often mounted in panels that at leastpartially shield them from such harsh conditions. The panels aresometimes water-cooled.

Collectively, a burner, lance, burner/lance, injector,burner/lance/injector, or burner/injector mounted in such a panel may bereferred to as burner and/or injector panel apparatus.

Typically, oxygen injection for the decarburization must wait until themelting phase of the process is substantially complete before startinghigh velocity injection of oxygen. This is since the burners cannoteffectively deliver high velocity oxygen before then because someportions of unmelted charge may exist between the burners/lances and theliquid metal or metal melt. The oxygen flow would be deflected,potentially causing severe damage to the furnace and burner/injectorpanel.

This fact is further aggravated by the generally spherical shape of mostEAF furnace structures. Melting of the metal typically occurs in themiddle, lower portion of the melt and expands to fill the sides. Earlyin the melting phase a high velocity oxygen stream has less effectand/or ability to penetrate a not fully melted charge (metal) todecarburize the metal melt.

The same philosophy that is used in selecting the location of additionalburner panel apparatuses is used to select the location of otherinjector apparatuses or burner/injectors for use in decarburization.When located adjacent the cold spots, the exothermic energy of meltrefining can be used more effectively to melt the scrap withoutoverheating the hot spots.

The discharge velocity of the oxygen stream from the burner and/orinjector apparatus is to be chosen to allow the injected jet of oxygento penetrate the slag and to react with the iron-carbon melt withoutexcessive molten metal splashing on the furnace walls and electrode(s).However, inadvertent metal splashing does occur and is a common cause ofapparatus failure. Those skilled in the art understand that the angleformed by the jet of oxygen and the horizontal slag surface (termedangle of attack) must not be too small or the injected jet of oxygen maynot penetrate into the slag deeply enough. They further understand thatthe angle of attack must not be too great or blow back may occur withdamage to the burner and/or injector apparatus.

Combined injection of carbon and oxygen via various apparatus, includingdedicated lances in and around the furnace wall has become a commonpractice for adding extra heat to the process. Typically, the supply ofcarbon flow for injection is obtained from a carbonaceous materialdispenser, such as a compressed gaseous carrier comprising compressedair, natural gas, nitrogen, and/or the like.

The use of the burners together with carbon and oxygen lances hasallowed electric steelmakers to substantially reduce electrical energyconsumption and to increase furnace production rate due to theadditional heat input generated by the oxidation of carbon, and bysignificant increases in electric arc thermal efficiency achieved by theformation of a foamy slag layer that insulates the electric arc fromheat losses. The foamy slag also stabilizes the electric arc andtherefore allows for a higher electrical power input rate. The foamyslag layer is created by CO bubbles which are formed by the oxidation ofinjected carbon to CO. The increased flow of injected carbon createsincreased localized CO generation. Accordingly, most EAF furnace unitsalso comprise a post production means for removing or reducing CO levelsin the off gas such as post-combustion burners. Mixing of the CO withoxygen inside of the electric arc furnace is desirable but verydifficult to arrange without excessive oxidation of the slag andelectrodes. Accordingly, the art field has developed postproductionmeans for treating the high CO content of the off gas.

Most modem electric arc furnaces are equipped with all or some of theabove-mentioned means for auxiliary thermal and/or chemical energyinput. Along with improvements in the design and operation of metalmelting furnaces have come improvements in panel design. For example,various burner panel configurations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,703,336; U.S. Pat. No. 5,444,733; U.S. Pat. No. 6,212,218; U.S. Pat.No. 6,372,010; U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,950; U.S. Pat. No. 5,471,495; U.S.Pat. No. 6,289,035; U.S. Pat. No. 6,614,831; U.S. Pat. No. 5,373,530;U.S. Pat. No. 5,802,097; U.S. Pat. No. 6,999,495; and U.S. Pat. No.6,342,086. Such prior art patents have proven to be beneficial. Forexample, U.S. Pat. No. 6,999,495 has found wide applicability forincreasing spatial energy coverage in a furnace. Likewise, U.S. Pat. No.6,614,831 has found applicability in extending the reach of varioustools, such as a burner or a lance, into the interior of a furnace.

Because sump burner and/or injector panel apparatuses are installedoutside of the furnace area enclosed by the hearth, they are located arelatively greater distance from the surface of the molten metal andcold spots. Because the flame, oxygen jet, or particle stream must reachfarther before it reaches the molten metal or cold spot, the jet becomesrelatively less coherent in comparison to jets which are injected fromrelatively closer locations. Thus, the flame, oxidant, or particles areno longer directed to a relatively small area and the effectiveness ofthe jet is very limited. Thus, there is a need for improved sump burnerand/or injector apparatuses and methods and furnaces using the same thatdo not suffer from as much loss of jet coherence.

Many configurations currently exist for burner and/or injector panelapparatuses. For sump burner and/or injector panel apparatuses, they aretypically mounted and located outside the hearth area on the top of thesump in the balcony panel. These sump burner and/or injector panelapparatuses have a fixed position. Thus, the direction of the flame, orinjection of the oxidant or particles is fixed and may not be easilychanged. More specifically, the angular orientation of the apparatus ineach of the x, y, and z axes is fixed. If the direct causes the flame,oxidant or particles to be oriented or injected outside of the targetarea of the bath, the furnace must be shut down and the burner and/orinjector panel apparatus uninstalled from the balcony panel. Thisrequires careful removal or refractory plastic and a significant amountof furnace downtime. It must then be reinstalled in an orientation thatachieves the desired flame or injection direction. If the opening in thebalcony panel is not large enough to allow the burner and/or injectorpanel apparatus to be reinstalled with the correct orientation, theopening in the balcony panel must be modified. This requires greatercapital investment and a lengthier furnace downtime. Thus, there is aneed to provide sump burner and/or injector panel apparatuses that avoidthese problems.

Various techniques have been designed for cooling panels that are usedin EAFs. One type of cooling means is an empty cavity, the inside ofwhich is sprayed with cooling water. Another type of cooling means is aserpentine conduit of cooling water that traverses from left to rightand back along a plane that is typically oriented at a right angle tothe slag layer. While these often achieve a fully satisfactory coolingeffect, such bulky devices result in an overly large, heavy, andexpensive panel body. Thus, there is a need for an improved sump burnerand/or injector panel apparatuses that avoid these problems.

SUMMARY

There is disclosed a burner and/or injector panel apparatus for use inmetal melting furnaces, comprising: a horizontal plate having a lowersurface, an upper surface, and a vertically oriented cylindricalaperture extending through said upper and lower surfaces; a horizontallyextending flange having a uniform height along its periphery, a width ordiameter of said flange being greater than a diameter of saidcylindrical aperture; a main body integrally formed with said flange andextending downwardly therefrom along a main body axis at an angle to avertical axis of said flange, said main body having a centrally disposedcylindrical chamber extending upper and lower ends thereof; and a burnerand/or injector inserted in said main body cylindrical chamber adaptedand configured to inject therefrom at least one of a flame, a jet ofoxygen, and a stream of carbon particles. Said integrally formed flangeand main body are operatively associated with said plate such that: saidflange is capable of resting atop said plate while said main bodyprojects downwardly though said cylindrical aperture. Said integrallyformed main body is rotatable within said cylindrical aperture whilesaid flange is rotatable atop said plate. Said plate is adapted andconfigured to retain said plate in fixed position.

There is also provided an electric arc furnace installation, comprising:a furnace having a hearth adapted and configured to contain a bath ofmolten metal; a sump region with a tap hole; sidewalls extendingupwardly and around said hearth and sump region; a balcony panelextending horizontally over said sump region and having a cylindricalopening; and the above-provided burner and/or injector panel apparatus,wherein said plate is secured to an exterior surface of said balconypanel, said cylindrical aperture is aligned with said balcony panelcylindrical opening, and said main body extends downwardly through saidbalcony panel cylindrical opening.

There is also provided a method of installing the above provided burnerand/or injector panel apparatus in an electric arc furnace having abalcony panel extending horizontally over a sump region, the balconypanel having a cylindrical opening. The method comprises the followingsteps. Said plate is secured to an exterior of the balcony panel with anaxis of said cylindrical aperture being aligned with an axis of saidcylindrical opening. Said main body is inserted through said cylindricalaperture and said cylindrical opening while nestling said flange atopsaid plate. Said integrally formed flange and main body is rotated untilsaid burner and/or injector is pointing towards a desired target area insaid sump region. Said flange is secured to said plate to arrestrotation of said flange with respect to said plate.

There is also provided a method of using the above-provided electric arcfurnace installation. The method comprises the following step. At leastone of fuel and oxidant, oxygen, and carbon particles is injected fromsaid burner and/or injector.

The burner and/or injector panel apparatus, electric arc furnaceinstallation, method of installation, and/or method of use may includeone or more of the following aspects:

-   -   the burner and/or injector panel apparatus further comprises one        or more fasteners and one or more retaining clips corresponding        to said one or more fasteners, wherein said plate further        comprises one or more studs corresponding to said one or more        retaining clips upwardly projecting from an upper surface of        said plate, said clips being adapted and configured to be        fastened to said studs with said fasteners so as to fixedly        secure said flange between said plate and said one or more        clips.    -   said integrally formed flange and main body include a cooling        circuit having a helically shaped portion in said main body        extending around said cylindrical chamber.    -   said main body has a cylindrical configuration coaxial with said        cylindrical chamber.    -   said flange has a cylindrical configuration and said flange        diameter is greater than a diameter of said cylindrical        aperture.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a burner.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises an oxygen injector.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a burner and an oxygen        injector.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a carbon particle        injector.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a burner and a carbon        particle injector.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a burner, an oxygen        injector, and a carbon particle injector.    -   the method of installation further comprising the step of        connecting at least one of a source of fuel and oxidant, a        source of oxygen, and a source of carbon particles to said        burner and/or injector.    -   the burner and/or injector panel apparatus further comprises one        or more fasteners and one or more retaining clips corresponding        to said one or more fasteners, wherein said plate further        comprises one or more studs corresponding to said one or more        retaining clips upwardly projecting from an upper surface of        said plate and said method comprises the further step of        fastening said one or more clips to said one or more studs with        said one or more fasteners so as to fixedly secure said flange        between said plate and said one or more clips.    -   the method of installation, wherein:        -   the main body includes a helically shaped cooling circuit            extending around said cylindrical chamber; and        -   said method comprises the further step of connecting the            cooling circuit to a supply of cooling water.    -   the method of installation, wherein the pitch and/or roll angle        is adjusted by a clearance adjustment device.    -   the method of installation further comprises the step of        adjusting the pitch and/or roll angle of the flange with respect        to the plate by adjusting a clearance in between said flange and        plate at one or more circumferential portions thereof.    -   the method of installation, wherein the pitch and/or roll angle        is adjusted by driving one or more wedges in between said flange        and plate at one or more circumferential portions thereof.    -   the method of installation, wherein the pitch and/or roll angle        is adjusted by tightening or loosening one or more threaded        fasteners threadingly engaged in said flange and which also bear        against an upper surface of said plate to increase or decrease,        respectively, a clearance in between said flange and plate at        one or more circumferential portions thereof.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a burner and fuel and an        oxidant are injected from said burner to combust within an        interior of said electric arc furnace.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises an oxygen injector and        oxygen is injected from said oxygen injector into a molten metal        bath in said electric arc furnace.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a combined burner and        oxygen injector.    -   fuel and an oxidant are injected from said burner to combust        within an interior of said electric furnace.    -   oxygen is injected from said oxygen injector into a molten metal        bath in said electric arc furnace.    -   said burner and/or injector comprises a combined burner, oxygen        injector, and carbon particle injector.    -   fuel and an oxidant are injected from said burner to combust        within an interior of said electric furnace.    -   oxygen is injected from said oxygen injector into a molten metal        bath in said electric arc furnace.    -   carbon particles are injected from said carbon particle injector        into said molten metal bath.    -   the fuel is natural gas, propane, or fuel oil.    -   the oxidant is oxygen, air or a mixture of oxygen and air.    -   a surface of the flange adapted to face an interior of a furnace        is covered with soft refractory.    -   the integrally formed flange and main body are formed of copper        or copper alloy.    -   the sump area is crescent shaped.    -   said balcony panel is crescent shaped.    -   the electric arc furnace includes a lower shell surrounding said        hearth.    -   the method of use further comprises the step of adding a charge        to the electric arc furnace.    -   the method of use further comprises the step of withdrawing        molten steel from the electric arc furnace.    -   the flange has one or more curved slots formed from an upper        surface through a lower surface in a circumferential portion        thereof, wherein:        -   said plate has threaded holes accessible through the curved            slots,        -   one or more bolts may be inserted into said one or more            slots and threaded into the corresponding hole(s) in said            plate, and        -   tightening said one or more bolts allow said flange to be            rigidly secured to said plate.    -   the cooling circuit comprises an inlet formed in an upper        surface of said flange, a downward leg fluidly communicating        with said inlet and extending vertically downward through a        peripheral portion of said main body, a helical portion fluidly        communicating with said downward leg that is formed in a        circumferential portion of said main body around the cylindrical        chamber in between said cylindrical chamber and said downward        leg, a return leg fluidly communicating with said helical        portion, and an outlet fluidly communicating with said helical        portion.    -   an axis of said flange forms an angle α with an axis of said        main body.    -   said flange is adapted and configured to allow up to 360° of        rotation on top of said plate.    -   a diameter of said cylindrical aperture of said plate is large        enough to allow said integrally formed flange and main body to        be rotated up to 360° without the main body impinging upon an        inner surface of the opening in the balcony panel.    -   a diameter of said cylindrical aperture of said plate is large        enough to allow said clearance adjustment device to tip said        integrally formed flange and main body to its side without said        main body impinging upon an inner surface of said opening in        said balcony panel.    -   a diameter of said flange is greater than a diameter of said        cylindrical aperture formed in said plate and said opening in        said balcony panel, wherein a difference between said flange        diameter and said aperture and opening diameters allows said        flange to be rotated within said aperture without said        integrally formed flange and main body falling into said        furnace.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a further understanding of the nature and objects of the presentinvention, reference should be made to the following detaileddescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich like elements are given the same or analogous reference numbersand wherein:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an inventive furnace with a sump burnerand/or injector panel apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the furnace of FIG. 1 with partsremoved.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a burner and/or injector panel apparatusof the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the burner and/or injector panel apparatusof FIG. 3 illustrating hidden parts.

FIG. 5 is an elevation view of the burner and/or injector panelapparatus of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the burner and/or injector panelapparatus of FIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The words and phrases used herein should be given their ordinary andcustomary meaning in the art by one skilled in the art unless otherwisefurther defined.

In the following, reference is made to embodiments of the invention.However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited tospecific described embodiments. Instead, any combination of thefollowing features and elements, whether related to differentembodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and practice theinvention. Furthermore, in various embodiments the invention providesnumerous advantages over the prior art. However, although embodiments ofthe invention may achieve advantages over other possible solutionsand/or over the prior art, whether or not a particular advantage isachieved by a given embodiment is not limiting of the invention. Thus,the following aspects, features, embodiments and advantages are merelyillustrative and are not considered elements or limitations of theappended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s). Likewise,reference to “the invention” shall not be construed as a generalizationof any inventive subject matter disclosed herein and shall not beconsidered to be an element or limitation of the appended claims exceptwhere explicitly recited in a claim(s).

As best illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, an electric arc furnace (EAF)according to the invention includes a hearth 7 of ceramic materiallining a lower shell 15 of metal. The hearth 7 is configured and adaptedto contain a molten bath of metal. Disposed above the lower shell 15 isan upper shell comprising sidewalls 5 extending upwardly from adjacent aperipheral portion of the hearth 7. Extending across top portions ofsidewalls 5 is a retractable roof 17. Three electrodes 9 extend throughroof 17 and into the molten bath. A sump area 11 is lined withrefractory material and includes a tapping hole 13. The sump area 11 istypically crescent shaped. A lower portion of the sidewalls 5 adjacent aperipheral edge of the sump area 11 do not extend as high as otherportions of the sidewalls 5 not adjacent the sump area 11. Rather, theyextend only partially upward to meet at a peripheral arcuate edge ofbalcony panel 19. The balcony panel 19 provides a ceiling over the sumparea 11. An upper portion of sidewalls 5 adjacent the sump area 11extends from the arcuate edge of balcony panel 19 closest to the hearth7 upwardly towards roof 17.

Installed through an opening in balcony panel 19 is a burner and/orinjector panel apparatus 21. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus21 may be positioned and oriented in such a way as to direct a flametowards scrap or charge in the sump area 11 or towards the metal bathadjacent the sump area 11. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus 21may be positioned and oriented in such a way as to direct a flame offuel and oxidant or inject oxygen and/or carbon particles into a desiredtarget area of the molten metal bath adjacent the sump area 11.

The burner and/or injector panel apparatus 21 includes a flange 33disposed at an upper end thereof that is integrally formed with a mainbody 23 disposed at a lower end thereof. An axis 37 of the flange 33forms an angle α with an axis 35 of body 23. Extending through theflange 33 and the body 23 along the axis 35 is a cylindrical chamber 25.Flange 33 rests upon a plate 39. Plate 39 includes cylindrical aperturethat is sized to correspond to an opening in water-cooled panel 41.Plate 39 also includes one or more upwardly projecting studs 45 and oneor more corresponding retaining clips 43 secured to studs 45 with one ormore corresponding fasteners 47. The plate 39, projecting stud(s) 45 andretaining clip(s) 43 may be made of any metal or metal alloy suitablefor metal melting furnaces.

Alternatively, instead of studs 45, clips 43, and fasteners 47, theflange 33 could be provided with curved slots in a circumferentialportion thereof. Accessible through the curved slots could be holesthreaded in the plate 39. One or more bolts could be inserted into oneor more slots and threaded into the corresponding hole in plate 39.Tightening the bolt would allow the flange 33 to be rigidly secured tothe plate 39.

The flange 33 and main body 23 also includes a cooling circuit having aninlet 24, a downward leg 26 which leads to a helical portion 28 formedin a circumferential portion of body 23 around the cylindrical chamber25. A terminal end of the helical portion 28 leads to a return leg 30which in turn leads to an outlet 32. The water-cooled flange 33 and mainbody 23 may be formed of any metal or metal alloy suitable for use inmetal-melting furnaces, especially EAFs. Typically, it is made of copperor copper alloy. The under surface of flange 33 exposed to furnacesgases is typically covered with a soft refractory material.

The co-axial cylindrical chamber 25 may have a constant diameter fromits upper end to its lower end. Typically, it has a larger insidediameter over most of the length of the cylindrical body 23 and tapersinwardly at an intermediate section 27 from the larger inside diameterto a smaller inside diameter to terminate at a terminal section 29.Inserted into the co-axial cylindrical chamber 25 is a burner and/orinjector body 31.

The main body 23 may be configured in a wide variety of shapes.Typically, it is cylindrical.

The burner and/or injector body 31 may be configured and adapted in anumber of different ways: as a burner, as an injector, or as a combinedburner/injector. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize thatvarious types of burners, injectors, and burner/injectors are known inthe art and that the burner and/or injector 31 may be any of those wellknown structures. The burner is generally configured and adapted toinject fuel (such as natural gas, propane, or fuel oil) and an oxidant(such as air, oxygen, or air and oxygen) for combustion thereof. Onetype of burner/injector is generally configured and adapted to injectfuel and an oxidant or combustion thereof as well as a supersonic jet ofoxygen. Another type of burner/injector is generally configured andadapted to inject fuel and an oxidant for combustion thereof as well asa stream of carbon particles. Still another type of burner/injector isgenerally configured and adapted to inject fuel and an oxidant forcombustion thereof as well as a supersonic jet of oxygen and a stream ofcarbon particles. The injector may be an oxygen lance or a nozzleadapted and configured to inject a stream of carbon particles. Typicalexamples of burners or burner/injectors are those described by U.S. Pat.No. 5,599,375, U.S. Pat. No. 4,622,007, U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,921, andU.S. Pat. No. 5,858,302. Typical commercial examples of burners,burner/injectors, and injectors include the Pyretron™ Burner, the PyrOxBurner, and the PyreJet™ Burner or AlarcJet Nozzle available from ACIlocated in Kennesaw, Ga., USA. The burner, burner/injector, or injectormay be made of any metal or metal alloy and may or may not be made ofthe same material as the flange 33 and main body 23.

The flange 33 is adapted and configured to allow up to 360° of rotationon top of plate 39. Typically, the flange 33 is cylindrical so as toallow easily rotatability through maintenance of a substantially uniformdistance in between a circumferential surface thereof and the projectingstud(s) 45. Because the main body 23 projects downwardly at an angle α,the diameter of the cylindrical aperture of the plate 39 is made largeenough to allow the flange 33 and main body 23 to be rotated 360°without the main body 23 impinging upon an inner surface of the openingin the water-cooled furnace panel.

The diameter of the cylindrical aperture of the plate 39 is also largeenough to allow a clearance adjustment device to tip the flange 33 andmain body 23 to its side, again without the main body 23 impinging uponan inner surface of the opening in the water-cooled panel. The clearanceadjustment device may be a wedge 49 or any other known lever that isinserted in between flange 33 and plate 39 at any point of thecircumference of the flange 33. The clearance adjustment device couldalso be one or more bolts that threadingly engage the flange 33 at acircumferential portion thereof and which bear against the upper surfaceof the plate 39. As such bolts are threaded into or out of the flange33, the lower ends force the flange 33 away or towards from the plate 39and thus increase or decrease the clearance at that point. Any number ofthese threaded bolts could be used to increase or decrease the clearanceat any number of points in between the flange 33 and plate 39.

The diameter of flange 33 is greater than the diameter of thecylindrical aperture formed in plate 39 and the opening in thewater-cooled furnace panel through which the apparatus 21 is installed.This difference in diameters allows the flange 33 to be rotated withinthe aperture without falling into the furnace. The angular orientationof the main body 23 and flange 33 may be fixed by tightening fastener(s)47 to compress the flange 33 in between clip(s) 43 and plate 39.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the circumferentialsurface of flange 33 may be shaped in a wide variety of configurations.For example, while the flange 33 may still have a constant height, itmay instead be configured to have multiple lobes projecting outward fromthe center and rotated so that one or more of the lobes are retained inbetween the clip(s) 43 and plate 39.

The cooling circuit may be formed in the main body 23 and flange 33 inone of two ways.

First, a portion of a metal or metal alloy pipe (such as copper orcopper alloy) is bent into a helical coil. The helically-coiled pipe isinserted into and fixed to the inside of a casting form for shaping theinner body 23 and flange 33. Molten metal is poured into the castingform. After cooling, the inlet 24 and outlet 32 are formed in thesurface of the cast piece in a known manner.

Second, a helically-shaped sand core of casting sand and binder ismolded. The sand core is then inserted into and fixed to the inside of acasting form for shaping the inner body 23 and flange 33. Molten metalis poured into the casting form. After cooling, the casting sand isremoved from the thus-shaped helical cooling circuit and the inlet 24and outlet 32 are formed in the surface of the cast piece in a knownmanner.

The apparatus 21 may be installed as follows.

If not existing already, an opening is made in horizontal furnace wall41. Plate 39 is placed over the opening in wall 41. Plate 39 ispositioned to coaxially align the opening in wall 41 with thecylindrical aperture in plate 39. Plate 39 is secured to wall 41 withany means known in the art, such as, for example, with refractoryplastic. The main body 23 portion of the integrally-formed main body 23and flange 33 is extended down through the opening in wall 41 andcylindrical aperture in plate 39 with the axis 35 directed towards adesired target area for a flame or injection of a stream of oxygen orcarbon particles from burner and/or injector 31. The integrally-formedmain body 23 and flange 33 is then positioned to coaxially align flange33 with the cylindrical aperture in plate 39 and the opening in the wall41. Retaining clip(s) 43 is placed in overlapping relationship withflange 33 and fastener(s) 47 is tightened to securely hold flange 33 inbetween retaining clip(s) 43 and plate 39. If desired, a clearanceadjustment device as described above may be utilized to adjust theclearance between the plate 39 and flange 33 in order to tip theintegrally-formed main body 23 and flange 33 to desired pitch and rollangles. Burner and/or injector 31 is placed within cylindrical chamber25 and connected, as appropriate, to valve trains for fuel and oxidant(such as oxygen, air or both oxygen and air), a valve train for oxygen,and/or to a supply of carbon particles. Finally, a source of coolant(typically water) is connected to inlet 32.

If may become apparent that, after installation, the flame, jet ofoxygen, and/or stream of carbon particles is not satisfactorily directedtowards the desired target area of the bath of molten metal. In thatcase, the apparatus 21 may be adjusted in either or both of two ways inorder to achieve the desired direction. The fastener(s) 47 is loosenedin order to release the grip of the retaining clip(s) 43 and plate 39 onthe flange 33. The wedge 49 may be driven in between the plate 39 andthe flange 33 in order to tilt the apparatus 21 from the horizontalplane of the furnace wall 41. The farther the wedge 49 is driven inbetween the plate 39 and flange 33, the greater the amount of tilingwill be achieved. The integral main body 23 and flange 33 may also berotated about axis 37 anywhere from 0 to 360°. Between the wedging androtation, the desired area of the molten bath of metal may be properlytargeted by the flame, jet of oxygen, and/or stream of carbon particles.Once the desired direction and targeting is achieved, the fastener(s) istightened in order to once again secure the position of the flange 33and main body 23 with respect to the plate 39 and furnace wall 41.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize how the apparatus 21 isoperated. In a burner, flows of fuel (such as natural gas or fuel oil)and oxidant (such as oxygen, air, or both oxygen and air) are injectedout the end of the terminal portion 29 and combust inside the furnace.In an oxygen injector (in other words, an oxygen lance), a jet of oxygenis injected out the end of the terminal portion 29 and penetrates themolten bath of metal. In the case of an EAF, the oxygen jet penetratesthrough the slag layer. In a carbon injector, a fluidized stream ofcarbon particles is injected out the end of the terminal portion 29 andpenetrates the bath of molten metal, and if a layer of slag is present,penetrates through the layer of slag into the molten metal. Thoseskilled in the art will further understand how apparatus 21 will operatewhen a combination of burner and oxygen injector, burner and carbonparticle injector, or burner, oxygen injector, and carbon particleinjector is selected.

The present invention yields several advantages. First, because the endof the main body 23 projects relatively far from the furnace wall 41,the flame, jet of oxygen, and/or stream of carbon particles is morecoherent. In the case of an oxygen jet or stream of carbon particles,they are better able to penetrate into and through the slag or moltenbath of metal. Many conventional devices have ends that are flush withthe furnace wall 41 thereby sacrificing potential coherent reach of theflame, jet of oxygen, or stream of carbon particles. Second, the burnerand/or injector 31 is better cooled because the cooling circuit extends360° around the cylindrical chamber 25 instead of traversing only on oneside thereof in a serpentine manner like conventional burner/injectorpanels. Third, when the main body 23 has a cylindrical configuration,the apparatus 21 absorbs less heat from the furnace because of theoptimized surface to volume ratio afforded by a cylinder. Fourth, theapparatus 21 yields the ability to heat or inject oxygen or carbonparticles into practically any spot within the reach of the flame, jetof oxygen, or stream of carbon particles. This is due to its ability tobe tilted and/or rotated. Conventional burner and/or injectors have afixed position once they are installed at the furnace wall 41. Thisfixed position is not alterable unless the opening in the furnace wall41 is significantly modified. This is because their square orrectangular configuration does not allow rotation within the square orrectangular opening in the furnace wall 41.

Preferred processes and apparatus for practicing the present inventionhave been described. It will be understood and readily apparent to theskilled artisan that many changes and modifications may be made to theabove-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and thescope of the present invention. The foregoing is illustrative only andthat other embodiments of the integrated processes and apparatus may beemployed without departing from the true scope of the invention definedin the following claims.

1. A burner and/or injector panel apparatus for use in metal meltingfurnaces, comprising: a horizontal plate having a lower surface, anupper surface, and a vertically oriented cylindrical aperture extendingthrough said upper and lower surfaces; a horizontally extending flangehaving a uniform height along its periphery, a width or diameter of saidflange being greater than a diameter of said cylindrical aperture; amain body integrally formed with said flange and extending downwardlytherefrom along a main body axis at an angle to a vertical axis of saidflange, said main body having a centrally disposed cylindrical chamberextending upper and lower ends thereof, said integrally formed flangeand main body being operatively associated with said plate such that:said flange is capable of resting atop said plate while said main bodyprojects downwardly though said cylindrical aperture, said integrallyformed main body is rotatable within said cylindrical aperture whilesaid flange is rotatable atop said plate, said plate is adapted andconfigured to retain said plate in fixed position; and a burner and/orinjector inserted in said main body cylindrical chamber adapted andconfigured to inject therefrom at least one of a flame, a jet of oxygen,and a stream of carbon particles.
 2. The burner and/or injector panelapparatus, further comprising: one or more fasteners; and one or moreretaining clips corresponding to said one or more fasteners, whereinsaid plate further comprises one or more studs corresponding to said oneor more retaining clips upwardly projecting from an upper surface ofsaid plate, said clips being adapted and configured to be fastened tosaid studs with said fasteners so as to fixedly secure said flangebetween said plate and said one or more clips.
 3. The burner and/orinjector panel apparatus of claim 1, wherein said integrally formedflange and main body include a cooling circuit having a helically shapedportion in said main body extending around said cylindrical chamber. 4.The burner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim 1, wherein said mainbody has a cylindrical configuration coaxial with said cylindricalchamber.
 5. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim 1,wherein said flange has a cylindrical configuration and said flangediameter is greater than a diameter of said cylindrical aperture.
 6. Theburner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim 1, wherein said burnerand/or injector comprises a burner.
 7. The burner and/or injector panelapparatus of claim 1, wherein said burner and/or injector comprises anoxygen injector.
 8. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim1, wherein said burner and/or injector comprises a burner and an oxygeninjector.
 9. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim 1,wherein said burner and/or injector comprises a carbon particleinjector.
 10. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim 1,wherein said burner and/or injector comprises a burner and a carbonparticle injector.
 11. The burner and/or injector panel apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein said burner and/or injector comprises a burner, anoxygen injector, and a carbon particle injector.
 12. An electric arcfurnace installation, comprising: a furnace having a hearth adapted andconfigured to contain a bath of molten metal; a sump region with a taphole; sidewalls extending upwardly and around said hearth and sumpregion; a balcony panel extending horizontally over said sump region andhaving a cylindrical opening; and the burner and/or injector panelapparatus of claim 1, said plate being secured to an exterior surface ofsaid balcony panel and said cylindrical aperture is aligned with saidbalcony panel cylindrical opening, said main body extending downwardlythrough said balcony panel cylindrical opening.
 13. A method ofinstalling the burner and/or injector panel apparatus of claim 1 in anelectric arc furnace having a balcony panel extending horizontally overa sump region, the balcony panel having a cylindrical opening,comprising the steps of: securing said plate to an exterior of thebalcony panel with an axis of said cylindrical aperture being alignedwith an axis of said cylindrical opening; inserting said main bodythrough said cylindrical aperture and said cylindrical opening whilenestling said flange atop said plate; rotating said integrally formedflange and main body until said burner and/or injector is pointingtowards a desired target area in said sump region; and securing saidflange to said plate to arrest rotation of said flange with respect tosaid plate.
 14. The method of installation of claim 13, furthercomprising the step of connecting at least one of a source of fuel andoxidant, a source of oxygen, and a source of carbon particles to saidburner and/or injector.
 15. The method of installation of claim 13,wherein: the burner and/or injector panel apparatus further comprisesone or more fasteners and one or more retaining clips corresponding tosaid one or more fasteners; said plate further comprises one or morestuds corresponding to said one or more retaining clips upwardlyprojecting from an upper surface of said plate; and said methodcomprises the further step of fastening said one or more clips to saidone or more studs with said one or more fasteners so as to fixedlysecure said flange between said plate and said one or more clips. 16.The method of installation of claim 13, wherein: the main body includesa helically shaped cooling circuit extending around said cylindricalchamber; and said method comprises the further step of connecting thecooling circuit to a supply of cooling water.
 17. The method ofinstallation of claim 13, further comprising the step of adjusting thepitch and/or roll angle of the flange with respect to the plate byadjusting a clearance in between said flange and plate at one or morecircumferential portions thereof.
 18. The method of installation ofclaim 17, wherein the pitch and/or roll angle is adjusted by driving oneor more wedges in between said flange and plate at one or morecircumferential portions thereof.
 19. The method of installation ofclaim 17, wherein the pitch and/or roll angle is adjusted by tighteningor loosening one or more threaded fasteners threadingly engaged in saidflange and which also bear against an upper surface of said plate toincrease or decrease, respectively, a clearance in between said flangeand plate at one or more circumferential portions thereof.
 20. A methodof using the electric arc furnace installation of claim 12, comprisingthe step of: injecting at least one of fuel and oxidant, oxygen, andcarbon particles from said burner and/or injector.
 21. The method ofclaim 20, wherein said burner and/or injector comprises a burner andfuel and an oxidant are injected from said burner to combust within aninterior of said electric arc furnace.
 22. The method of claim 20,wherein: said burner and/or injector comprises an oxygen injector andoxygen is injected from said oxygen injector into a molten metal bath insaid electric arc furnace.
 23. The method of claim 20, wherein: saidburner and/or injector comprises a combined burner and oxygen injector;fuel and an oxidant are injected from said burner to combust within aninterior of said electric furnace; and oxygen is injected from saidoxygen injector into a molten metal bath in said electric arc furnace.24. The method of claim 20, wherein: said burner and/or injectorcomprises a combined burner, oxygen injector, and carbon particleinjector; fuel and an oxidant are injected from said burner to combustwithin an interior of said electric furnace; oxygen is injected fromsaid oxygen injector into a molten metal bath in said electric arcfurnace; and carbon particles are injected from said carbon particleinjector into said molten metal bath.